"This book is the product of the author's master's thesis, defended in 2019 at King's College, in the International Peace and Security programme of the Department of War Studies. […] In light of the new contemporary threats to international peace and security and their impact on jus ad bellum rules, the author questions whether the Unable or Unwilling Doctrine(UoU), used as an argument for the use of force in the recent fight against the 'Islamic State' in Syria, has a legal basis in the context of self-defence against non-state actors. He then goes on to explore practical ways in which the doctrine's application can be improved. […] In the King's College's Department of War Studies, the examiners described the author's thesis as an exceptional piece of scholarly work, absorbing from its first line and reported that the author demonstrates a striking comprehension of complex legal questions, in addition to providing coherent, insightful, and very sophisticated arguments. Professor Granzotto's clever, perceptive, and opportune master's thesis led to a rich and particularly persuasive book, which reflects the thoughts of a mature, though young scholar ___ for whom we must predict the continuity of a superb career. "